This is extremely useful for business analysis.

1️⃣8️⃣ Understand IF vs IF Functions

This distinction is important.

IF()

Used to make a decision.

Example: =IF(C2>=50000,"High","Low")

SUMIF()

Used to calculate a sum based on a condition.

Example: =SUMIF(B2:B100,"IT",C2:C100)

COUNTIF()

Used to count records based on a condition.

Example: =COUNTIF(B2:B100,"IT")

AVERAGEIF()

Used to calculate an average based on a condition.

Example: =AVERAGEIF(B2:B100,"IT",C2:C100)

Think:

IF → Decision

SUMIF → Conditional Total

COUNTIF → Conditional Count

AVERAGEIF → Conditional Average

🧪 Practical Interview Challenge

Suppose you have:

Employee | Department | Salary

John | IT | 75,000

Sarah | HR | 60,000

Mike | IT | 82,000

David | Finance | 90,000

Alice | HR | 65,000

Your interviewer asks:

Q1. Is John earning more than ₹70,000?

=IF(C2>70000,"Yes","No")

Q2. How many employees are in IT?

=COUNTIF(B2:B6,"IT")

Q3. What is the total IT salary?

=SUMIF(B2:B6,"IT",C2:C6)

Q4. What is the average IT salary?

=AVERAGEIF(B2:B6,"IT",C2:C6)

Q5. How many IT employees earn more than ₹80,000?

=COUNTIFS(B2:B6,"IT",C2:C6,">80000")

Q6. What is the total salary of IT employees earning more than ₹70,000?

=SUMIFS(C2:C6,B2:B6,"IT",C2:C6,">70000")

🏆 Key Lesson

Understand the question first.

"Should I classify this record?"

→ IF()

"How much in total?"

→ SUMIF() / SUMIFS()

"How many?"

→ COUNTIF() / COUNTIFS()

"What's the average?"

→ AVERAGEIF() / AVERAGEIFS()

One condition?

→ IF version

Multiple conditions?

→ IFS version

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